Compress::Raw::Zlib - Low-Level Interface to zlib compression library

- NAME
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- Compress::Raw::Zlib::Deflate

- ($d, $status) = new Compress::Raw::Zlib::Deflate( [OPT] )
- $status = $d->deflate($input, $output)
- $status = $d->flush($output [, $flush_type])
- $status = $d->deflateParams([OPT])
- $status = $d->deflateTune($good_length, $max_lazy, $nice_length, $max_chain)
- $d->dict_adler()
- $d->crc32()
- $d->adler32()
- $d->msg()
- $d->total_in()
- $d->total_out()
- $d->get_Strategy()
- $d->get_Level()
- $d->get_BufSize()
- Example

- Compress::Raw::Zlib::Inflate

- ($i, $status) = new Compress::Raw::Zlib::Inflate( [OPT] )
- $status = $i->inflate($input, $output [,$eof])
- $status = $i->inflateSync($input)
- $i->dict_adler()
- $i->crc32()
- $i->adler32()
- $i->msg()
- $i->total_in()
- $i->total_out()
- $d->get_BufSize()
- Example

- CHECKSUM FUNCTIONS
- ACCESSING ZIP FILES
- CONSTANTS
- SEE ALSO
- AUTHOR
- MODIFICATION HISTORY
- COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

# NAME

Compress::Raw::Zlib - Low-Level Interface to zlib compression library

# SYNOPSIS

        use Compress::Raw::Zlib ;

        ($d, $status) = new Compress::Raw::Zlib::Deflate( [OPT] ) ;
        $status = $d->deflate($input, $output) ;
        $status = $d->flush($output [, $flush_type]) ;
        $d->deflateParams(OPTS) ;
        $d->deflateTune(OPTS) ;
        $d->dict_adler() ;
        $d->crc32() ;
        $d->adler32() ;
        $d->total_in() ;
        $d->total_out() ;
        $d->msg() ;
        $d->get_Strategy();
        $d->get_Level();
        $d->get_BufSize();

        ($i, $status) = new Compress::Raw::Zlib::Inflate( [OPT] ) ;
        $status = $i->inflate($input, $output [, $eof]) ;
        $status = $i->inflateSync($input) ;
        $i->dict_adler() ;
        $d->crc32() ;
        $d->adler32() ;
        $i->total_in() ;
        $i->total_out() ;
        $i->msg() ;
        $d->get_BufSize();

        $crc = adler32($buffer [,$crc]) ;
        $crc = crc32($buffer [,$crc]) ;

        $crc = adler32_combine($crc1, $crc2, $len2)l
        $crc = crc32_combine($adler1, $adler2, $len2)

        ZLIB_VERSION
        ZLIB_VERNUM

# DESCRIPTION

The Compress::Raw::Zlib module provides a Perl interface to the zlib compression library (see AUTHOR for details about where to get zlib).

# Compress::Raw::Zlib::Deflate

This section defines an interface that allows in-memory compression using the deflate interface provided by zlib.

Here is a definition of the interface available:

## ($d, $status) = new Compress::Raw::Zlib::Deflate( [OPT] )

Initialises a deflation object.

If you are familiar with the zlib library, it combines the features of the zlib functions `deflateInit`, `deflateInit2` and `deflateSetDictionary`.

If successful, it will return the initialised deflation object, `$d` and a `$status` of `Z_OK` in a list context. In scalar context it returns the deflation object, `$d`, only.

If not successful, the returned deflation object, `$d`, will be undef and `$status` will hold the a zlib error code.

The function optionally takes a number of named options specified as `Name => value` pairs. This allows individual options to be tailored without having to specify them all in the parameter list.

For backward compatibility, it is also possible to pass the parameters as a reference to a hash containing the name=>value pairs.

Below is a list of the valid options:

-Level

  Defines the compression level. Valid values are 0 through 9, `Z_NO_COMPRESSION`, `Z_BEST_SPEED`, `Z_BEST_COMPRESSION`, and `Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION`.

  The default is Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION.

-Method

  Defines the compression method. The only valid value at present (and the default) is Z_DEFLATED.

-WindowBits

  For a definition of the meaning and valid values for `WindowBits` refer to the zlib documentation for deflateInit2.

  Defaults to MAX_WBITS.

-MemLevel

  For a definition of the meaning and valid values for `MemLevel` refer to the zlib documentation for deflateInit2.

  Defaults to MAX_MEM_LEVEL.

-Strategy

  Defines the strategy used to tune the compression. The valid values are `Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY`, `Z_FILTERED`, `Z_RLE`, `Z_FIXED` and `Z_HUFFMAN_ONLY`.

  The default is Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY.

-Dictionary

  When a dictionary is specified Compress::Raw::Zlib will automatically call `deflateSetDictionary` directly after calling `deflateInit`. The Adler32 value for the dictionary can be obtained by calling the method `$d->dict_adler()`.

  The default is no dictionary.

-Bufsize

  Sets the initial size for the output buffer used by the `$d->deflate` and `$d->flush` methods. If the buffer has to be reallocated to increase the size, it will grow in increments of `Bufsize`.

  The default buffer size is 4096.

-AppendOutput

  This option controls how data is written to the output buffer by the `$d->deflate` and `$d->flush` methods.

  If the `AppendOutput` option is set to false, the output buffers in the `$d->deflate` and `$d->flush` methods will be truncated before uncompressed data is written to them.

  If the option is set to true, uncompressed data will be appended to the output buffer in the `$d->deflate` and `$d->flush` methods.

  This option defaults to false.

-CRC32

  If set to true, a crc32 checksum of the uncompressed data will be calculated. Use the `$d->crc32` method to retrieve this value.

  This option defaults to false.

-ADLER32

  If set to true, an adler32 checksum of the uncompressed data will be calculated. Use the `$d->adler32` method to retrieve this value.

  This option defaults to false.

Here is an example of using the `Compress::Raw::Zlib::Deflate` optional parameter list to override the default buffer size and compression level. All other options will take their default values.

        my $d = new Compress::Raw::Zlib::Deflate ( -Bufsize => 300,
                                                   -Level   => Z_BEST_SPEED ) ;

## $status = $d->deflate($input, $output)

Deflates the contents of `$input` and writes the compressed data to `$output`.

The `$input` and `$output` parameters can be either scalars or scalar references.

When finished, `$input` will be completely processed (assuming there were no errors). If the deflation was successful it writes the deflated data to `$output` and returns a status value of `Z_OK`.

On error, it returns a zlib error code.

If the `AppendOutput` option is set to true in the constructor for the `$d` object, the compressed data will be appended to `$output`. If it is false, `$output` will be truncated before any compressed data is written to it.

Note: This method will not necessarily write compressed data to `$output` every time it is called. So do not assume that there has been an error if the contents of `$output` is empty on returning from this method. As long as the return code from the method is `Z_OK`, the deflate has succeeded.

## $status = $d->flush($output [, $flush_type])

Typically used to finish the deflation. Any pending output will be written to `$output`.

Returns `Z_OK` if successful.

Note that flushing can seriously degrade the compression ratio, so it should only be used to terminate a decompression (using `Z_FINISH`) or when you want to create a full flush point (using `Z_FULL_FLUSH`).

By default the `flush_type` used is `Z_FINISH`. Other valid values for `flush_type` are `Z_NO_FLUSH`, `Z_PARTIAL_FLUSH`, `Z_SYNC_FLUSH` and `Z_FULL_FLUSH`. It is strongly recommended that you only set the `flush_type` parameter if you fully understand the implications of what it does. See the `zlib` documentation for details.

If the `AppendOutput` option is set to true in the constructor for the `$d` object, the compressed data will be appended to `$output`. If it is false, `$output` will be truncated before any compressed data is written to it.

## $status = $d->deflateParams([OPT])

Change settings for the deflate object `$d`.

The list of the valid options is shown below. Options not specified will remain unchanged.

-Level

  Defines the compression level. Valid values are 0 through 9, `Z_NO_COMPRESSION`, `Z_BEST_SPEED`, `Z_BEST_COMPRESSION`, and `Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION`.

-Strategy

  Defines the strategy used to tune the compression. The valid values are `Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY`, `Z_FILTERED` and `Z_HUFFMAN_ONLY`.

-BufSize

  Sets the initial size for the output buffer used by the `$d->deflate` and `$d->flush` methods. If the buffer has to be reallocated to increase the size, it will grow in increments of `Bufsize`.

## $status = $d->deflateTune($good_length, $max_lazy, $nice_length, $max_chain)

Tune the internal settings for the deflate object `$d`. This option is only available if you are running zlib 1.2.2.3 or better.

Refer to the documentation in zlib.h for instructions on how to fly `deflateTune`.

## $d->dict_adler()

Returns the adler32 value for the dictionary.

## $d->crc32()

Returns the crc32 value for the uncompressed data to date.

If the `CRC32` option is not enabled in the constructor for this object, this method will always return 0;

## $d->adler32()

Returns the adler32 value for the uncompressed data to date.

## $d->msg()

Returns the last error message generated by zlib.

## $d->total_in()

Returns the total number of bytes uncompressed bytes input to deflate.

## $d->total_out()

Returns the total number of compressed bytes output from deflate.

## $d->get_Strategy()

Returns the deflation strategy currently used. Valid values are `Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY`, `Z_FILTERED` and `Z_HUFFMAN_ONLY`.

## $d->get_Level()

Returns the compression level being used.

## $d->get_BufSize()

Returns the buffer size used to carry out the compression.

## Example

Here is a trivial example of using `deflate`. It simply reads standard input, deflates it and writes it to standard output.

        use strict ;
        use warnings ;

        use Compress::Raw::Zlib ;

        binmode STDIN;
        binmode STDOUT;
        my $x = new Compress::Raw::Zlib::Deflate
           or die "Cannot create a deflation stream\n" ;

        my ($output, $status) ;
        while (<>)
        {
            $status = $x->deflate($_, $output) ;

            $status == Z_OK
                or die "deflation failed\n" ;

            print $output ;
        }

        $status = $x->flush($output) ;

        $status == Z_OK
            or die "deflation failed\n" ;

        print $output ;

# Compress::Raw::Zlib::Inflate

This section defines an interface that allows in-memory uncompression using the inflate interface provided by zlib.

Here is a definition of the interface:

## ($i, $status) = new Compress::Raw::Zlib::Inflate( [OPT] )

Initialises an inflation object.

In a list context it returns the inflation object, `$i`, and the zlib status code (`$status`). In a scalar context it returns the inflation object only.

If successful, `$i` will hold the inflation object and `$status` will be `Z_OK`.

If not successful, `$i` will be undef and `$status` will hold the zlib error code.

The function optionally takes a number of named options specified as `-Name => value` pairs. This allows individual options to be tailored without having to specify them all in the parameter list.

For backward compatibility, it is also possible to pass the parameters as a reference to a hash containing the `name=>value` pairs.

Here is a list of the valid options:

-WindowBits

  To uncompress an RFC 1950 data stream, set `WindowBits` to a positive number.

  To uncompress an RFC 1951 data stream, set `WindowBits` to `-MAX_WBITS`.

  For a full definition of the meaning and valid values for `WindowBits` refer to the zlib documentation for inflateInit2.

  Defaults to MAX_WBITS.

-Bufsize

  Sets the initial size for the output buffer used by the `$i->inflate` method. If the output buffer in this method has to be reallocated to increase the size, it will grow in increments of `Bufsize`.

  Default is 4096.

-Dictionary

  The default is no dictionary.

-AppendOutput

  This option controls how data is written to the output buffer by the `$i->inflate` method.

  If the option is set to false, the output buffer in the `$i->inflate` method will be truncated before uncompressed data is written to it.

  If the option is set to true, uncompressed data will be appended to the output buffer by the `$i->inflate` method.

  This option defaults to false.

-CRC32

  If set to true, a crc32 checksum of the uncompressed data will be calculated. Use the `$i->crc32` method to retrieve this value.

  This option defaults to false.

-ADLER32

  If set to true, an adler32 checksum of the uncompressed data will be calculated. Use the `$i->adler32` method to retrieve this value.

  This option defaults to false.

-ConsumeInput

  If set to true, this option will remove compressed data from the input buffer of the the `$i->inflate` method as the inflate progresses.

  This option can be useful when you are processing compressed data that is embedded in another file/buffer. In this case the data that immediately follows the compressed stream will be left in the input buffer.

  This option defaults to true.

Here is an example of using an optional parameter to override the default buffer size.

        my ($i, $status) = new Compress::Raw::Zlib::Inflate( -Bufsize => 300 ) ;

## $status = $i->inflate($input, $output [,$eof])

Inflates the complete contents of `$input` and writes the uncompressed data to `$output`. The `$input` and `$output` parameters can either be scalars or scalar references.

Returns `Z_OK` if successful and `Z_STREAM_END` if the end of the compressed data has been successfully reached.

If not successful `$status` will hold the zlib error code.

If the `ConsumeInput` option has been set to true when the `Compress::Raw::Zlib::Inflate` object is created, the `$input` parameter is modified by `inflate`. On completion it will contain what remains of the input buffer after inflation. In practice, this means that when the return status is `Z_OK` the `$input` parameter will contain an empty string, and when the return status is `Z_STREAM_END` the `$input` parameter will contains what (if anything) was stored in the input buffer after the deflated data stream.

This feature is useful when processing a file format that encapsulates a compressed data stream (e.g. gzip, zip) and there is useful data immediately after the deflation stream.

If the `AppendOutput` option is set to true in the constructor for this object, the uncompressed data will be appended to `$output`. If it is false, `$output` will be truncated before any uncompressed data is written to it.

The `$eof` parameter needs a bit of explanation.

Prior to version 1.2.0, zlib assumed that there was at least one trailing byte immediately after the compressed data stream when it was carrying out decompression. This normally isn't a problem because the majority of zlib applications guarantee that there will be data directly after the compressed data stream. For example, both gzip (RFC 1950) and zip both define trailing data that follows the compressed data stream.

The `$eof` parameter only needs to be used if all of the following conditions apply

1. You are either using a copy of zlib that is older than version 1.2.0 or you want your application code to be able to run with as many different versions of zlib as possible.

2. You have set the `WindowBits` parameter to `-MAX_WBITS` in the constructor for this object, i.e. you are uncompressing a raw deflated data stream (RFC 1951).

3. There is no data immediately after the compressed data stream.

If all of these are the case, then you need to set the `$eof` parameter to true on the final call (and only the final call) to `$i->inflate`.

If you have built this module with zlib >= 1.2.0, the `$eof` parameter is ignored. You can still set it if you want, but it won't be used behind the scenes.

## $status = $i->inflateSync($input)

This method can be used to attempt to recover good data from a compressed data stream that is partially corrupt. It scans `$input` until it reaches either a full flush point or the end of the buffer.

If a full flush point is found, `Z_OK` is returned and `$input` will be have all data up to the flush point removed. This data can then be passed to the `$i->inflate` method to be uncompressed.

Any other return code means that a flush point was not found. If more data is available, `inflateSync` can be called repeatedly with more compressed data until the flush point is found.

Note full flush points are not present by default in compressed data streams. They must have been added explicitly when the data stream was created by calling `Compress::Deflate::flush` with `Z_FULL_FLUSH`.

## $i->dict_adler()

Returns the adler32 value for the dictionary.

## $i->crc32()

Returns the crc32 value for the uncompressed data to date.

If the `CRC32` option is not enabled in the constructor for this object, this method will always return 0;

## $i->adler32()

Returns the adler32 value for the uncompressed data to date.

If the `ADLER32` option is not enabled in the constructor for this object, this method will always return 0;

## $i->msg()

Returns the last error message generated by zlib.

## $i->total_in()

Returns the total number of bytes compressed bytes input to inflate.

## $i->total_out()

Returns the total number of uncompressed bytes output from inflate.

## $d->get_BufSize()

Returns the buffer size used to carry out the decompression.

## Example

Here is an example of using `inflate`.

        use strict ;
        use warnings ;

        use Compress::Raw::Zlib;

        my $x = new Compress::Raw::Zlib::Inflate()
           or die "Cannot create a inflation stream\n" ;

        my $input = '' ;
        binmode STDIN;
        binmode STDOUT;

        my ($output, $status) ;
        while (read(STDIN, $input, 4096))
        {
            $status = $x->inflate(\$input, $output) ;

            print $output
                if $status == Z_OK or $status == Z_STREAM_END ;

            last if $status != Z_OK ;
        }

        die "inflation failed\n"
            unless $status == Z_STREAM_END ;

# CHECKSUM FUNCTIONS

Two functions are provided by zlib to calculate checksums. For the Perl interface, the order of the two parameters in both functions has been reversed. This allows both running checksums and one off calculations to be done.

        $crc = adler32($buffer [,$crc]) ;
        $crc = crc32($buffer [,$crc]) ;

The buffer parameters can either be a scalar or a scalar reference.

If the $crc parameters is `undef`, the crc value will be reset.

If you have built this module with zlib 1.2.3 or better, two more CRC-related functions are available.

        $crc = adler32_combine($crc1, $crc2, $len2)l
        $crc = crc32_combine($adler1, $adler2, $len2)

These functions allow checksums to be merged.

# ACCESSING ZIP FILES

Although it is possible (with some effort on your part) to use this module to access .zip files, there is a module on CPAN that will do all the hard work for you. Check out the `Archive::Zip` module on CPAN at

        http://www.cpan.org/modules/by-module/Archive/Archive-Zip-*.tar.gz

# CONSTANTS

All the zlib constants are automatically imported when you make use of Compress::Raw::Zlib.

# SEE ALSO

the Compress::Zlib manpage, the IO::Compress::Gzip manpage, the IO::Uncompress::Gunzip manpage, the IO::Compress::Deflate manpage, the IO::Uncompress::Inflate manpage, the IO::Compress::RawDeflate manpage, the IO::Uncompress::RawInflate manpage, the IO::Compress::Bzip2 manpage, the IO::Uncompress::Bunzip2 manpage, the IO::Compress::Lzop manpage, the IO::Uncompress::UnLzop manpage, the IO::Compress::Lzf manpage, the IO::Uncompress::UnLzf manpage, the IO::Uncompress::AnyInflate manpage, the IO::Uncompress::AnyUncompress manpage

Compress::Zlib::FAQ

File::GlobMapper, Archive::Zip, Archive::Tar, IO::Zlib

For RFC 1950, 1951 and 1952 see http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1950.html, http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1951.html and http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1952.html

The zlib compression library was written by Jean-loup Gailly gzip@prep.ai.mit.edu and Mark Adler madler@alumni.caltech.edu.

The primary site for the zlib compression library is http://www.zlib.org.

The primary site for gzip is http://www.gzip.org.

# AUTHOR

This module was written by Paul Marquess, pmqs@cpan.org.

# MODIFICATION HISTORY

See the Changes file.

# COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

Copyright (c) 2005-2007 Paul Marquess. All rights reserved.

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.

Compress::Raw::Zlib - Low-Level Interface to zlib compression library